Towards Automated Related Work Summarization

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

Prevalence and impact of myocardial injury among patients hospitalized with COVID-19

BackgroundMyocardial injury is a prevalent complication observed in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and is strongly associated with severe illness and in-hospital mortality. However, the long-term consequences of myocardial injury on clinical outcomes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of myocardial injury on both acute-phase and long-term prognosis in COVID-19 patients.MethodsA retrospective, observational study was conducted on all patients who received treatment at the Intensive Care Center for COVID-19 patient, University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City (UCICC), from August 3rd, 2021, to October 28th, 2021.ResultsA total of 582 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 55.3% were female. The mean age of participants was 63.3 ± 16.2. Out of these patients, 330 cases (56.8%) showed myocardial injury. Compared to patients without myocardial injury, those with myocardial injury were older and had a higher incidence of chronic diseases including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease. They also presented with more severe respiratory failure upon admission and showed a more pronounced abnormality in inflammation and kidney function tests. Furthermore, the in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in the group with myocardial injury (49.7% vs 14.3%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, renal function, and disease severity at admission, myocardial injury emerged as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality (OR = 3.758, 95% CI 1.854–7.678, p < 0.001). Among successfully discharged COVID-19 patients, the all-cause mortality rate after a median follow-up of 18.4 months was 7.9%. Patients with myocardial injury had a significantly higher long-term mortality rate compared to those without myocardial injury (14.0% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001). However, multivariable Cox regression analysis did not find myocardial injury to be a significant predictor of long-term mortality (HR = 2.128, 95% CI 0.792–5.712, p = 0.134).ConclusionsMyocardial injury is a common and serious complication in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, associated with increased in-hospital mortality. However, it does not significantly impact long-term mortality in successfully discharged COVID-19 patients

Synthesis of para-menthane 3,8 - diol from Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil for application in mosquito repellent products

To repel mosquitoes, there have been many highly effective chemical repellent products, but they carry the potential risk of being unsafe for humans and harmful to the environment. Insect repellent products derived from natural sources that are safe for humans and environmentally friendly are becoming increasingly popular. PMD is a broad-spectrum and effective insect repellent but is present in small amounts in the Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EO). In this study, we investigated and evaluated the conditions for synthesizing PMD from EO raw materials in an acidic environment to achieve the highest synthesis efficiency of 76.3%, and the PMD product was 96.4% pure after being converted for 5 hours at 50°C in a 0.25% H2SO4 solution. Additionally, the study also separated the two cis and trans isomers of PMD by column chromatography and determined their structures using infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

Exploiting Idioms and Proverbs of Vietnamese Regions in Teaching Mathematics in Primary Schools

Mathematics and idioms, as well as proverbs, all reflect the laws of life. At the same time, primary school children may have heard idioms and proverbs before attending school. Therefore, there are many possibilities to exploit and apply idioms and proverbs in teaching mathematics in primary schools. This study aims to identify appropriate situations and apply idioms and proverbs in different regions of Vietnam to teaching mathematics. The researchers selected 1155 expressions related to mathematics from many typical pieces of research on idioms and proverbs in Vietnam. After surveying 1822 teachers three times in many provinces and cities in all 3 regions of Vietnam: the North, the Central and the South, the researchers have classified the data according to the criteria from closed to open-ended questions. The results show a prominent level of interest (level 4/5) of all teachers participating in the survey, and there is no difference in the effectiveness in the three regions, but there is a clear difference in regions in using idioms and proverbs. Particularly, identifying situations to teach geometric and quantitative knowledge, as well as probability and statistics, allows one to apply idioms and proverbs at a high level. It is concluded that if idioms and proverbs from Vietnamese regions are appropriately selected and applied in teaching mathematics in primary schools, they will contribute to improving students' mathematical ability and preserving the national cultural heritage. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-SIED-015 Full Text: PD

Sand Spit Morphology at an Inlet on Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam

Tidal inlets with attached sand spits are a very common coastal landform. Since the evolution of sand spits along coastlines influence the social-economic development of local coastal areas, sand spits have become the objects of numerous studies. However, previous studies have mainly focused on sand spits that are usually in the scale of hundreds of meters in width, whilst knowledge about the evolution of smaller-scale sand spits still remains limited. Therefore, in this study, the morphological change of a small and unexplored sand spit in front of Song Tranh Inlet on the west coast of Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam is investigated. Satellite images are first used to observe the morphological change of the sand spit and calculate the longshore sediment transport rates (LSTR) along the sand spit. Waves and beach sediments are collected at the study site to calculate the longshore sediment transport rate using the CERC formula. It is found that there is a seasonal variation in the evolution of the sand spit at Song Tranh Inlet. The longshore sediment transport rates along the spit calculated by image analysis are 39,000 m$^3$/year, 66,000 m$^3$/year, and 40,000 m$^3$/year, whilst the longshore sediment transport rate calculated by the CERC formula is 72,000 m$^3$/year. This study aims to contribute to the methodology for investigating the evolutions of small sand spits and, specifically, sustainable coastal management for Phu Quoc Island, which is well-known as the Pearl Island of Vietnam

The Role of Serial NT-ProBNP Level in Prognosis and Follow-Up Treatment of Acute Heart Failure after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

BACKGROUND: After coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, heart failure is still major problem. The valuable marker for it is needed. AIM: Evaluating the role of serial NT-proBNP level in prognosis and follow-up treatment of acute heart failure after CABG surgery. METHODS: The prospective, analytic study evaluated 107 patients undergoing CABG surgery at Ho Chi Minh Heart Institute from October 2012 to June 2014. Collecting data was done at pre- and post-operative days with measuring NT-proBNP levels on the day before operation, 2 hours after surgery, every next 24 h until the 5th day, and in case of acute heart failure occurred after surgery. RESULTS: On the first postoperative day (POD1), the NT-proBNP level demonstrated significant value for AHF with the cut-off point = 817.8 pg/mL and AUC = 0.806. On the second and third postoperative day, the AUC value of NT- was 0.753 and 0.751. It was statistically significant in acute heart failure group almost at POD 1 and POD 2 when analyzed by the doses of dobutamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline (both low doses and normal doses). CONCLUSION: Serial measurement of NT-proBNP level provides useful prognostic and follow-up treatment information in acute heart failure after CABG surgery

On the use of prior and external knowledge in neural sequence models

© 2019 Dr. Cong Duy Vu HoangNeural sequence models have recently achieved great success across various natural language processing tasks. In practice, neural sequence models require massive amount of annotated training data to reach their desirable performance; however, there will not always be available data across languages, domains or tasks at hand. Prior and external knowledge provides additional contextual information, potentially improving the modelling performance as well as compensating the lack of large training data, particular in low-resourced situations. In this thesis, we investigate the usefulness of utilising prior and external knowledge for improving neural sequence models. We propose the use of various kinds of prior and external knowledge and present different approaches for integrating them into both training and inference phases of neural sequence models. The followings are main contributions of this thesis which are summarised in two major parts: We present the first part of this thesis which is on Training and Modelling for neural sequence models. In this part, we investigate different situations (particularly in low resource settings) in which prior and external knowledge, such as side information, linguistic factors, monolingual data, is shown to have great benefits for improving performance of neural sequence models. In addition, we introduce a new means for incorporating prior and external knowledge based on the moment matching framework. This framework serves its purpose for exploiting prior and external knowledge as global features of generated sequences in neural sequence models in order to improve the overall quality of the desired output sequence. The second part is about Decoding of neural sequence models in which we propose a novel decoding framework with relaxed continuous optimisation in order to address one of the drawbacks of existing approximate decoding methods, namely the limited ability to incorporate global factors due to intractable search. We hope that this PhD thesis, constituted by two above major parts, will shed light on the use of prior and external knowledge in neural sequence models, both in their training and decoding phases